PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.